The New York Times' Stanley Fish is not the first to worry about the state of today's universities, but must his assignment of blame be so predictable? In this week's column, the professor is reviewing a former student's book on the decline of liberal arts education:
How has this happened? According to Donoghue, it’s been happening for a long time, at least since 1891, when Andrew Carnegie congratulated the graduates of the Pierce College of Business for being “ fully occupied in obtaining a knowledge of shorthand and typewriting” rather than wasting time “upon dead languages.”
Industrialist Richard Teller Crane was even more pointed in his 1911 dismissal of what humanists call the “life of the mind.” No one who has “a taste for literature has the right to be happy” because “the only men entitled to happiness . . . are those who are useful.”
[snip]
What is happening in traditional universities where the ethos of the liberal arts is still given lip service is the forthright policy of for-profit universities, which make no pretense of valuing what used to be called the “higher learning.” John Sperling, founder of the group that gave us Phoenix University, is refreshingly blunt: “Coming here is not a rite of passage. We are not trying to develop value systems or go in for that ‘expand their minds’” nonsense.
The for-profit university is the logical end of a shift from a model of education centered in an individual professor who delivers insight and inspiration to a model that begins and ends with the imperative to deliver the information and skills necessary to gain employment.
Don't you see: industrialists and capitalists are destroying the university! Of course, only capitalist societies have ever produced great universities, but we'll ignore that chicken/egg quandary for now. Fish continues:
Those ideas have now triumphed (Carnegie and Crane are victorious), and this means, Donoghue concludes, “that all fields deemed impractical, such as philosophy, art history, and literature, will henceforth face a constant danger of being deemed unnecessary.” And as a corollary “professors will come to be seen by everyone (not just those outside the academy) as unaffordable anomalies.”
Here's the problem with Fish & Donoghue's argument: rich societies are the only ones that can afford to focus on the fields they argue are evaporating. So, capitalism is essential for a healthy university system, for such affluence allows large swathes of the population to study fields that aren't directly engaged in wealth creation.
I can understand why Phoenix University is not the professor's cup of tea. But, does its rise signal the demise of all institutions? Far fewer students were enrolled in college 50 years ago, do all the additional students we now see choosing non-liberal arts courses necessarily mean those studies are dying? It's true that today's universities are more likely to have a focus on job training, but there are many more schools to begin with. The reasons are manifold, but it stands to reason that more varieties of educational experiences should allow the liberal arts to maintain a niche. The fact that liberal arts is now a small fish in a big pond rather than a big fish in a small pond, doesn't mean the fish is endangered.
But, there's a deeper problem with Fish's contentions. He makes no mention of the massive changes to the liberal arts themselves that have occurred since the upheavals of the 1960s. Fish focuses on a 'Great Books' approach to the liberal arts in his piece, but many aspects of that approach came under attack from liberal arts professors already in the university system (not from capitalist outsiders). The curriculum was questioned as too Eurocentric, sexist, imperialist and homophobic. New departments arose devoted to oppression studies and the like. Out of this came multiculturalism and political correctness.
Now is not the time for a lengthy explanation of the problems with multiculturalism and p.c., but, they make finding the truth very difficult, because the truth becomes subordinate to what is politically correct. Fish laments the devaluing of the liberal arts, but anything that ignores truth is bound to decline in stature.
Liberal arts wasn't diminished by capitalists, it was devalued by liberals.